Doubt
posted November 8, 2008 7:50 AM
Playwright John Patrick Shanley's disturbing and ambivalent stage hit becomes a powerful and Oscar-worthy movie experience
Word-drunk and fueled equally by anger and compassion, writer-director John Patrick Shanley’s Doubt is a terrific and troubling drama of ideas bristling with nuance and grief. Instantly a leading contender for some of the year's biggest acting prizes, the film may have limited appeal for those who mistakenly think movies are exclusively about imagery and action, rather than intricate dialogue and complex characters. The arthouse audience could initially split over Doubt’s lyrical density and dramatic ambiguities, but the strong likelihood of multiple Oscar nominations should ensure a decent run and an overall solid commercial response.
Although it began life as a celebrated stageplay (Shanley’s primary and most prolific career is in the theatre), Doubt is actually closest in spirit to 5 Corners, Shanley's first movie script from 1987. In that startling but forgotten magic-realist rumination on anarchy and youth, a loosely-connected group of Bronx teenagers spend a long autumn night in 1964 enacting an ensemble bildungsroman, while the mad and remorseless maelstrom of “The Sixties” gathers force just outside the frame like something hungry and alive. Doubt is set in 1964 too, also in the Bronx, also in autumn, and it similarly concerns a milieu that gains in poignancy from our awareness of something the characters don’t know, which is that everything they hold close is about to be torn away from them by an accelerating world. The ensemble here is one of priests and nuns—characters who could have stared across altars and desks at the children in Shanley’s earlier screenplay—and their ecclesiastical certitudes are made simultaneously more rigid and more frail by the rulebound and dogmatic nature of their religious service.
The radical changes of the Sixties came early to Catholicism. The Second Vatican Council, which convened in 1962 and closed in 1965, brought an unprecedented liberalizing spirit into the Church, an Indian summer long since rescinded by the combined conservative papacies of John Paul II and Benedict XVI. In Doubt, Father Flynn (Philip Seymour Hoffman) incarnates the Church’s momentary shift toward tolerance and modernity. He smokes and drinks and tells questionable jokes, and seems alive to whole realms of carnal, sensual and political experience earlier adherents to his calling might have rejected outright. Father Flynn is a fresh wind in an airless room, and many of his parishioners, especially the youngest among them, respond to him with bemusement and even love.
This puts Flynn into diametric opposition with Sister Aloysius (Meryl Streep), an unrepentant disciplinarian and the principal of the parish grade school, who convinces herself there may be something not quite right in Flynn’s affection for the boys in her charge. The sister’s suspicions are communicated to novice teacher Sister James (a suitably wan and milky Amy Adams). When an incident involving Father Flynn and a lone and vulnerable eighth grader (Joseph Foster) seems to confirm Sister Aloysius’ deepest fears, all four characters are hurled into a new context of half-certainties and irresolution—a gray and smudged charcoal sketch suddenly imposed over a world they took for black and white.
There will be no better performances given in an American film this year than Meryl Streep as Sister Aloysius or Viola Davis as Mrs. Muller, mother to the boy who may have had inappropriate contact with Father Flynn. The single scene between these two actors encapsulates everything that’s great about this movie, with Sister Aloysius’ intractable rectitude suddenly confronted by the despair, compromises and mixed motives of a true flesh and blood human being. Streep, who built her career on mannerist character turns, seems to grow more supple and believable with each passing year. Her aging nun is a kind of sympathetic aria to a vanished era of certainty, embodied in a woman whose kindness is as undeniable and reflexive as her disapproval for all the meaningless conveniences of contemporary life. Watching her certitude erode is in some ways watching a piece of machinery come to life.
Davis, a great stage actress and a virtual unknown to filmgoers, can break the viewer’s heart with the simple dignity of the way she wears her dented Jackie O pillbox hat. Her battered and desperate Mrs. Muller is such a quicksilver blending of fatalism and denial, aspiration and suppressed rage that she splutters in the mind like a fuse sliding toward detonation long after the actress herself has vanished from the screen. As Pastor Flynn, the very fine Hoffman is perhaps a less felicitous choice, for it upsets Shanley's careful textual equivalencies to have such a humid and fulsome actor—a stereotypical heavy, despite his capacity—playing a priest who ought to seem on the surface nearly as innocuous as the Bing Crosby of Going My Way.
In its previous incarnation as a Pultizer-winning play, Doubt was frequently seen as a reaction to the vast molestation scandal engulfing the Catholic Church in the first years of the 21st century. The unvarnished evil of child abuse is certainly a central subtext in this picture—a spreading stain from an unseen source, undermining the characters’ trust in institutionalized sanctimony, perhaps even in the idea of God itself. It’s a measure of Shanley’s precision though that he can address this critical and explosive issue as a sidebar while leaving his central conflict disturbingly unresolved and subtly expressed.
For ultimately, Doubt is not primarily a movie about a hot button topic but rather an existential morality play, an unblinking vision of the remorseless formlessness of life as it’s actually lived, and a comment on the potential futility in trying to impose moral clarity and unambiguous order on the murk of human motives and behavior. Within the popcorn sanctimony of the American screen, it’s a rare movie that’s willing to ask such fundamental questions about what exactly goodness is, and a rarer film still that's willing to compliment it’s audience by leaving so much for the viewer to decide.
Distributor: Miramax
Cast: Meryl Streep, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Amy Adams and Viola Davis
Screenwriter/Director: John Patrick Shanley
Producer: Scott Rudin and Mark Roybal
Genre: Drama
Rating: PG-13 for thematic material
Running time: 104 mins.
Release date: Dec. 12 ltd.; expands Dec. 19; expands Dec. 25
7 Comments
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scenicdesign71 said:
Oh, but it is [i]also[/i] "a movie about a hot button topic" (unless it's changed a lot more from the play than it seems to have, judging by the reviews so far) -- just not the obvious one.
Among various misguided musings, elsewhere on the net, about whether Catholic viewers will be offended by [i]Doubt[/i]'s portrayal of a priest as a (possible) child-molester, I've yet to see anyone raise an alarm about the degree to which the play (and, I assume, the film) champions, well, doubt.
Shanley all but forces the question of whether faith itself -- i.e., steadfast certainty about things for which there is no definite empirical evidence -- is an acceptable basis for responsible adult behavior. In a country whose spiritual life (and to a frightening degree, its political life as well) has been dominated, for the past eight years, by religious hysteria on the Right punctuated by occasional, scarcely-less-hysterical salvos of atheism from the Left (see [i]Religulous[/i], [i]God Is Not Great[/i], etc.), I'd say Shanley is pushing a rather hot button indeed.
It's to his credit -- I think? -- that [i]Doubt[/i] manages to position itself above the millennial fracas -- if indeed it really does so. (Like much else about the play, it's hard to be entirely sure, and may depend on who's watching). But in the current climate, these questions are hardly such existential abstractions as they might at first appear (or as we might wish). If [i]Doubt[/i] is, as the play's subtitle would have it, "a parable," it is arguably quite a pointed one.
November 10, 2008 9:55 PM
Ray Greene said:
A very thoughtful reaction. Though I'd probably argue that the last thing "Religulous" and "God is Not Great" promulgate is doubt in the end -- they're really about certitude, aren't they? I.e., the certitude that religion is merely a synonym for unfounded superstition.
Incidentally, the one thing I expect is actually less effective than the play is that Shanley dramatizes things that were only recounted onstage, which in some ways makes them more concrete, and is therefore at odds with the ambivalence he seeks to sow.
Thanks for adding so much to the piece.
November 11, 2008 2:50 PM
Bobofag said:
Thanks for the great review Ray. My anticipation level for this film has just buried the needle. My main concern is how it stacks up to the brilliant Broadway production. Did you get to see Cherry Jones in the role? It was a titanic performance-can a character and actress perfectly embody an entire philosophic worldview? Cherry Jones did. I hear almost every line delivery in my head to this day. This kind of merging with actor and role doesn't happen every day. A suitable comparison would be Brando and The Godfather, so intertwined is my memory of Ms. Jones and her Sister Aloysius. I fear that the indelible impression she left on me might mar my enjoyment of Meryl, whom I adore. Your reservations about Hoffman are exactly what I feared as well; the show dramatic momentum is entirely predicated on the audiences shifting allegiances between it's two main characters. Hoffman might seem too suspicious from the start, with his husky build, tendency to mush-mouthed diction and (in a more unfair burden) history in sexually troubled roles. But I'll reserve opinion on them all until I see the picture. As for Viola Davis, anyone who saw her Tony winning turn in August Wilson's "King Hedley" knows that she is one of America's greatest undiscovered talents.
P.S.-I just re-read all the comments on your Sweeney Todd review from a year ago and I'll be damned if that is not the most amazing, intelligent and enlightening discussion of Sondheim's seminal musical in the whole of the internet! What got into everyone?
November 25, 2008 12:39 AM
scenicdesign71 said:
Bobofag: In what way exactly are Hoffman's "husky build [and] mush-mouthed diction" a LESS unfair burden than his prior film roles, in terms of pegging his character in "Doubt" as a likely pedophile?
You're far from the first to raise this point, but it still astounds me that so many otherwise intelligent people seem ready to discuss the film (or the play), with a perfectly straight face, in terms of whether the actor "looks like a child-molester," whatever that may mean. (Ray's "humid and fulsome" at least gives the stereotype some decorative shading, though I'm still not quite sure what he's referring to when he cites Hoffman's "capacity" - for what? - as a potential mitigating factor).
Hoffman's past resume of "sexually troubled roles" may indeed be an unfair basis on which to make assumptions about his character in "Doubt," but it's at least vaguely understandable that one might unconsciously do so. On the other hand, for anyone who would seriously entertain the idea that Hoffman's weight and vocal timbre are legitimate indicators of his character's guilt or innocence, the phrase "morally obtuse" seems rather too mild. This isn't a Very Special Episode of "Different Strokes," folks, and even if Hoffman were the spitting image of Gordon Jump, it would be laughably irrelevant to any remotely serious consideration of the story Shanley is telling.
Yes, I understand that movies are a visual medium, and that physical "types" are a built-in part of its vocabulary -- particularly in the commercial arena. And yes, I suppose we might as well acknowledge our prejudices before allowing Shanley his chance to confound them. But there are prejudices and then there are prejudices: if movie audiences really do approach "Doubt" in as stupid and Pavlovian a frame of mind as some comments I've read about Hoffman's ineffable personal "creepiness" would suggest ("creepy" being just one of many blunter terms that have circled around his casting in this role), then the movie -- even if it's not great -- really is too good for us. (And I'd shudder to even imagine the condition of the jury system in this country).
Meanwhile, we laugh condescendingly -- or cringe in horror -- at Sr. Aloysius for inferring F. Flynn's guilt from his long fingernails and his fondness for ballpoint pens and secular Christmas carols, and applaud Sr. James for calling her out on it. Are we really, as a culture, this dumb and self-satisfied?
[/soapbox], not intended as any kind of attack on you guys, or on the film. And re: the "Sweeney" thread from last year, you're right, Bobo: it was lovely indeed.
Ray: It may not have come through properly, but I was already positing "Religulous" and "God Is Not Great" as left-wing parallels to religious-right hysteria, roughly equivalent to it in their stubborn certainties; *not* as countervailing expressions of freethinking "doubt"... exactly as you say in your response. So, we agree.
Likewise about the translation of the play into more literal, naturalistic film terms. I actually don't know that it categorically works against Shanley's studied ambiguity -- true "realism," rigorously pursued, might easily muddy the waters more, not less -- but it could point up the artificiality of his construction, to somewhat distracting effect. Now that we're allowed to see Donald onscreen, does it not become a bit harder to swallow the writer's calculated refusal to let the boy speak for himself about what did or did not happen in the rectory?
Littering the film with off-kilter "Dutch" camera angles seems like a somewhat wan attempt to make room, amidst all that "concrete" detail, for the play's spare, elegant schematism; but perhaps Shanley should have reworked the piece more radically. Underneath the play's seductive language, its most provocative tenet may be that words -- even when they're as nuanced and precise as those of Shanley and his characters -- can only ever approach the truth obliquely, and often at too treacherous a distance to do much good. Extrapolating from this, "Doubt, The Movie" might have launched a stealth attack on narrative film's foundational myth: its presumption that seeing is understanding. (Which may be substantially the same myth, come to think of it, by which which we expect all pedophiles to be flabby middle-aged white guys). It's a somewhat quixotic goal -- though not a wildly new or original one -- but "Doubt"'s big ideas may require that kind of ambitious treatment if they are to do more than barely survive the transition between media.
Still, back in the real world, I expect it will be very nice indeed to have a film record of Shanley's remarkable text, performed by such an accomplished cast.
December 9, 2008 12:11 AM
sologos said:
Any director who can foster this much ambiguity deserves an Oscar. Just after the movie credits began, I was startled to find a woman next to me ask me what I felt about "whether he did it." She proceeded to adopt Steep's role, citing diocesan bishop cover-ups as evidence. I suggested that Fr Flynn may very well have been telling that truth and that he may have been showing extraordinary compassion in resigning just to protect the child from a scandal that most certainly would have further galvanized peer (not to mention parental) abuse on the child. Expecting a response of suspicion that I myself might be a tad too sympathetic with predatory child abuse, I actually received a look, rather, of appreciation. It only occurred to me afterward the power of ambiguity the movie manages to sustain.
December 27, 2008 7:14 PM
George Archibald said:
I seldom see movies because the majority are not worth seeing. DOUBT is the exception. The screenplay and the acting blended to create what is undoubted be one of the greatest films of all time.
January 7, 2009 6:22 PM
herat said:
I expect is actually less effective than the play is that Shanley dramatizes things that were only recounted onstage, which in some ways makes them more concrete, and العاب تلبيس is therefore at odds with the ambivalence he seeks to sow
March 24, 2009 1:55 AM